National Cancer Institute “Cancer Moonshot Biobank”

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Is consistent with OR has been diagnosed with one of the following:

* Colorectal cancer: Stage IV
* Non-small cell or small cell lung cancer: stage III/IV
* Prostate cancer: metastatic prostate cancer
* Gastric cancer, not otherwise specified (NOS): stage IV
* Esophageal cancer, NOS: stage IV
* Adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction: stage IV
* High grade serous ovarian cancer: stage III/IV
* Invasive breast carcinoma: stage III/IV
* Melanoma: stage III/IV
* Acute myeloid leukemia
* Multiple myeloma

* For the purposes of this study, re-staging is allowed
* Patient should fit in one of the following four clinical scenarios (a-d)

* Undergoing diagnostic workup for one of the diseases listed for which treatment will likely include a new regimen of standard of care therapy OR
* Scheduled to begin treatment with a new regimen of standard of care therapy OR
* Currently progressing on a regimen of standard of care therapy OR
* Currently being treated with a regimen standard of care therapy, without evidence of progression
* Requirements for fresh tissue biospecimen collections at enrollment:

* For clinical scenarios a, b, and c above, freshly collected tumor tissue or bone marrow (BM) aspirate must be submitted at enrollment

* For clinical scenarios a and b, the fresh tissue collection must be prior to starting therapy
* For clinical scenario a, the biospecimen collection must be part of a standard of care medical procedure
* For clinical scenarios b or c, the biospecimen collection may be part of a standard of care medical procedure OR
* The biospecimen collection may be part of a study-specific procedure ("research only biopsy"), when the patient has a tumor amenable to image guided or direct vision biopsy and is willing and able to undergo a tumor biopsy for molecular profiling

* Note: For research-only biopsies, the biopsy must not be associated with a significant risk of severe or major complications or death; the procedure cannot be a mediastinal, laparoscopic, open or endoscopic biopsy; nor can the procedure be a brain biopsy; nor can the patient be under the age of majority as determined by each U.S. state
* Requirements for archival tissue:

* For clinical scenarios a and b above, archival tissue as outlined below must be submitted IF AVAILABLE
* For clinical scenarios c and d above, archival tissue as outlined below is REQUIRED
* Pre-existing archival material (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded [FFPE] block, BM aspirate, or unstained slides) that:

* Contains the cancer type for which the participant is enrolled, and
* Was collected no more than 5 years prior to initiation of therapy, and
* Contains at least a surface area of 5 mm^2 and optimum surface area of 25 mm^2 or 3-5 mL cryopreserved bone marrow aspirate to yield 200 million bone marrow mononuclear cells, and
* No more than 1 line of standard of care systemic therapy was administered from the date of archival material collection to the date of initiation of therapy
* Requirements for blood collection: ALL scenarios require fresh blood collection at enrollment

* Blood collection for clinical scenarios a, b, and c must take place within 1 week of fresh tumor specimen collection
* Blood collection for clinical scenario d must take place within 4 weeks of enrollment
* Age 13 or older
* Any sex and any gender
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0, 1, or 2
* Ability to understand and willingness to sign an informed consent document. Consent may be provided by a Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) in accordance with 45 CFR 46.102(i)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treated with or has already begun treatment with a non-standard of care therapeutic agent (investigational) in an interventional clinical trial
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness that in the physician's assessment would pose undue risk for biopsy
* Use of full dose coumarin-derivative anticoagulants such as warfarin are prohibited. Patients may be switched to low molecular weight (LMW) heparin at physician discretion

* Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin is permitted for prophylactic or therapeutic use
* Factor X inhibitors are permitted
* Use of anti-platelet drugs are permitted

* Stopping the anticoagulation treatment for biopsy, bone marrow aspirate, or resection should be per site standard operating procedure (SOP)
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with CRC that is not mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with complete response
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with invasive fungal infections
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with active and/or uncontrolled infections or who are still recovering from an infection

* Actively febrile patients with uncertain etiology of febrile episode
* All antibiotics for non-prophylactic treatment of infection should be completed at least 1 week (7 days) prior to collection
* No recurrence of fever or other symptoms related to infection for at least 1 week (7 days) following completion of antibiotics
* NCI PDMR EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), active or chronic hepatitis (i.e. quantifiable hepatitis B virus [HBV]-deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] and/or positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HbsAg], quantifiable hepatitis C virus [HCV]-ribonucleic acid [RNA]) or known history of HBV/HCV without documented resolution